Lucknow Gharana

This gharana is also known as Poorab or Khulla baaj gharana. The Nawab of Lucknow had an immense interest in the Arts, particularly Music and Dance. The gharana was established by Ustad Bakshu Khan and Modu Khan, who were nephews of Ustad Sidhar Khan of Delhi and who migrated to Lucknow from Delhi after being invited by the ruler of Lucknow Nawab Asafuddoullah. One other reason was that in those days Lucknow was well-known for music and especially dance.  They started using a mixture of tabla and pakhawaj bols (stroke/syllable combinations) to match the sound of GHUNGROO or bells worn by the dancers while dancing.  They changed their style with a loud sound that came to be known as Khulla Baaj. This gharana is also called Thapiya Baaj (thapiya means palm in Hindi) because you must use your fingers as well as your palm while playing some compositions. Palm creates a relatively louder sound and was imbibed from the Pakhawaj style. They emphasize an open stroke of the Baayan. The right hand mainly plays using the fingers along with the Palm and more on the middle portion of Tabla, unlike Delhi Gharana which focuses on the Kinaar or edge.

This gharana focuses on:

  • Theka vistar or Theka palta (variations of the theka)

  • Gat (a short composition that may or may not have a tihai)

  • Chalan (a composition with a pattern that suggests a Gat)

  • Tukda (fixed compositions played towards the end of a tabla solo)

  • Paran (pre-composed, employing bold strokes from the pakhawaj repertoire and ending with a tihai)

  • Chakradar (a non-extendable form with bold strokes. It must be played thrice so that it properly lands on the Sum or downbeat

This gharana has a few different phrases than other gharanas like Kddhetita, Dhet Dhet, Kddhan, Ghadan, Ghen Tadan, Tagenna, and so on. This gharana is also well known for Tabla solo as well, apart from Kathak dance accompaniment. Khalifa Wajid Hussain Khan, Khalifa Abid Hussain Khan, Ustad Afaq Hussain Khan, Munne Khan, Pandit Swapan Chowdhury are the stalwarts of this gharana.

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